Money
Coins and Notes
Indian money is counted in rupees (₹). We have coins of ₹1, ₹2, ₹5 and ₹10, and notes of ₹10, ₹20, ₹50, ₹100 and more. The same amount can be made in different ways — ₹10 can be one ₹10 coin, or two ₹5 coins, or five ₹2 coins.
Example 1: How many ₹2 coins make ₹10?
₹10 ÷ ₹2 = 5 coins.
Example 2: Make ₹20 using ₹10 notes.
Two ₹10 notes = ₹20.
Quick recap
- Money is counted in rupees (₹).
- Coins: ₹1, ₹2, ₹5, ₹10. Notes: ₹10, ₹20, ₹50, ₹100…
- The same amount can be made many ways.
✓ Quick check
How many ₹5 coins make ₹20?
₹20 ÷ ₹5 = 4 coins.
Which makes ₹50?
Five ₹10 notes = ₹50.
Adding and Subtracting Money
We add and subtract money just like ordinary numbers, keeping the ₹ sign. To find the total cost, add the prices. To find the change, subtract the cost from the money given.
Example 1: A pen costs ₹12 and a pencil ₹8. Total cost?
₹12 + ₹8 = ₹20.
Example 2: You pay ₹50 for a ₹35 book. Change?
₹50 − ₹35 = ₹15.
Quick recap
- Add prices to get the total cost.
- Change = money given − cost.
✓ Quick check
A toy costs ₹25 and a ball ₹15. Total cost?
₹25 + ₹15 = ₹40.
You pay ₹100 for goods worth ₹70. How much change?
₹100 − ₹70 = ₹30.
Shopping Problems
In shops we often buy more than one thing. Add up all the costs to find the total, then work out the change. Sometimes we check whether the money we have is enough.
Example 1: Sweets ₹18, chips ₹12, juice ₹20. Total?
18 + 12 + 20 = ₹50.
Example 2: You have ₹40. A book costs ₹55. Enough?
No — ₹55 is more than ₹40; you need ₹15 more.
Quick recap
- Add all item prices for the total.
- Compare money with cost to see if it is enough.
✓ Quick check
Eraser ₹5, sharpener ₹7, ruler ₹8. Total cost?
5 + 7 + 8 = ₹20.
Ravi has ₹30. A cricket ball costs ₹45. How much more does he need?
₹45 − ₹30 = ₹15 more.
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