Multiplication
Repeated Addition & Tables
Multiplication is a short way to add equal groups. 4 groups of 6 = 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 24, written as 4 × 6 = 24. The order does not matter: 4 × 6 = 6 × 4.
Knowing the tables from 2 to 10 makes multiplication fast. For example, the table of 7 is 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70.
- Multiplication adds equal groups quickly.
- Order does not matter: a × b = b × a.
- Learn tables 2 to 10 by heart.
Multiplying by a 1-digit Number
To multiply a 2- or 3-digit number by a 1-digit number, multiply the Ones first, then the Tens, then the Hundreds, carrying when a product is 10 or more.
For 34 × 3: ones 3 × 4 = 12 (write 2, carry 1), tens 3 × 3 = 9, plus carry 1 = 10, so the answer is 102.
- Multiply Ones, then Tens, then Hundreds.
- Carry to the next place when a product is 10 or more.
Multiplying 2-digit by 2-digit & Word Problems
To multiply two 2-digit numbers, split the second number into tens and ones, multiply each part, then add. For 23 × 12: 23 × 2 = 46 and 23 × 10 = 230, so 46 + 230 = 276.
In word problems, look for equal groups — rows, packets, dozens — and multiply.
- Split the second number into tens and ones, multiply, then add.
- Word problems with equal groups use multiplication.