Numbers & Operations
5- and 6-digit Numbers & Place Value
In the Indian system, after the Hundreds, Tens and Ones come Thousands, Ten Thousands and Lakhs. A 6-digit number such as 4,52,310 has 4 Lakhs, 5 Ten Thousands, 2 Thousands, 3 Hundreds, 1 Ten and 0 Ones.
The smallest 6-digit number is 1,00,000 (one lakh) and the largest is 9,99,999. The place of a digit gives its value, so the 5 in 4,52,310 stands for 50,000.
- Indian places: Ones, Tens, Hundreds, Thousands, Ten Thousands, Lakhs.
- Smallest 6-digit number = 1,00,000; largest = 9,99,999.
Rounding & Adding/Subtracting Large Numbers
To round a number, look at the digit just after the place you are rounding to. If it is 5 or more, round up; otherwise round down. So 4,567 rounded to the nearest 1000 is 5,000.
Large numbers are added and subtracted column by column, carrying or borrowing exactly as with smaller numbers.
- Round up if the next digit is 5 or more, else round down.
- Add and subtract large numbers column by column.
Multiplication & Division of Large Numbers
To multiply a 3-digit number by a 2-digit number, multiply by the ones and the tens separately, then add. For 234 × 12: 234 × 2 = 468 and 234 × 10 = 2,340, so 468 + 2,340 = 2,808.
To divide, share place by place from the left. For 4,824 ÷ 6 = 804, and we can check with 804 × 6 = 4,824.
- Multiply by ones and tens separately, then add.
- Check division using multiplication.