IMO Practice Test — Principles of Inheritance and Variation
7 Questions • 15 min • Olympiad level
15:00
Question 1 of 7
A tall pea plant could be either TT or Tt. A test cross with a dwarf (tt) plant identifies it because if any dwarf offspring appear, the tall parent must be:
Tt (heterozygous)
TT (homozygous)
tt
Sterile
Explanation: Only a Tt parent can pass a t allele to give dwarf offspring in a test cross.
Question 2 of 7
New combinations such as round-green and wrinkled-yellow appearing in the F2 of a dihybrid cross are explained by:
Independent assortment of the two trait pairs
Incomplete dominance
Linkage
Mutation only
Explanation: Independent assortment mixes the alleles of the two genes, producing recombinant types.
Question 3 of 7
Crossing two pink snapdragons (Rr × Rr) gives a phenotypic ratio of:
1 red : 2 pink : 1 white
3 red : 1 white
All pink
9:3:3:1
Explanation: With incomplete dominance the genotypic ratio 1:2:1 equals the phenotypic ratio: red, pink, white.
Question 4 of 7
A colour-blind father and a normal (non-carrier) mother have children. Their daughters will most likely be:
Carriers but not colour-blind
All colour-blind
All affected boys
Unaffected with no carrier allele
Explanation: Daughters get the father's affected X plus the mother's normal X, so they are unaffected carriers.
Question 5 of 7
Blaming the mother for the sex of a child is biologically wrong because the egg always carries an X, so the sex is decided by whether the sperm carries:
X or Y
Only X
Only Y
No chromosome
Explanation: Sperm may be X- or Y-bearing, so the father's sperm, not the mother, determines the child's sex.
Question 6 of 7
In regions where malaria is common, the sickle-cell allele can persist because carriers (heterozygotes) have:
Some resistance to malaria
No red blood cells
Extra chromosomes
Immunity to all disease
Explanation: Heterozygous carriers gain partial malaria resistance, a survival advantage that keeps the allele in the population.
Question 7 of 7
Crossing over reduces linkage between two genes more often when the genes are:
Farther apart on the chromosome
Very close together
On different organisms
Identical
Explanation: The greater the distance between genes, the higher the chance a cross-over separates them.