Online Test — Excretory Products and Their Elimination
15 Questions • 15 min • Chapter MCQ
15:00
Question 1 of 15
Removal of harmful metabolic wastes from the body is:
Digestion
Excretion
Respiration
Circulation
Explanation: Excretion removes harmful metabolic wastes.
Question 2 of 15
The main nitrogenous waste in humans is:
Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
Glucose
Explanation: Humans are ureotelic, excreting mainly urea.
Question 3 of 15
Urea is made in the:
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Skin
Explanation: Urea is formed in the liver from ammonia.
Question 4 of 15
Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder are the:
Ureters
Urethra
Arteries
Veins
Explanation: Ureters carry urine from kidneys to the bladder.
Question 5 of 15
The functional unit of the kidney is the:
Neuron
Nephron
Alveolus
Villus
Explanation: The nephron is the kidney's functional unit.
Question 6 of 15
The knot of capillaries inside Bowman's capsule is the:
Glomerulus
Alveolus
Villus
Lacteal
Explanation: The glomerulus is the capillary knot where filtration occurs.
Question 7 of 15
Besides the kidneys, which organ removes CO₂ and water vapour?
Lungs
Stomach
Heart
Pancreas
Explanation: The lungs excrete CO₂ and water vapour.
Question 8 of 15
The first step of urine formation is:
Reabsorption
Glomerular filtration
Secretion
Egestion
Explanation: Glomerular filtration is the first step.
Question 9 of 15
During reabsorption, the kidney returns to the blood all of the:
Urea
Glucose
Water vapour
Blood cells
Explanation: All filtered glucose is reabsorbed, so none appears in urine.
Question 10 of 15
About how much urine is formed daily from ~180 L of filtrate?
1.5 litres
50 litres
100 litres
180 litres
Explanation: Most filtrate is reabsorbed; only about 1.5 L becomes urine.
Question 11 of 15
Balancing the body's water and salt content is called:
Osmoregulation
Digestion
Photosynthesis
Transpiration
Explanation: Osmoregulation maintains water and salt balance.
Question 12 of 15
When the body lacks water, ADH causes the kidney to:
Reabsorb more water
Lose more water
Stop filtering
Make more glucose
Explanation: ADH increases water reabsorption, concentrating the urine.
Question 13 of 15
Hard crystals of salts in the kidney are:
Kidney stones
Clots
Plaques
Cysts only
Explanation: Kidney stones (renal calculi) are hard salt crystals.
Question 14 of 15
Artificial cleaning of blood in kidney failure is:
Dialysis
Digestion
Filtration of food
Respiration
Explanation: Dialysis cleans the blood when the kidneys fail.
Question 15 of 15
The permanent cure for complete kidney failure is a:
Kidney transplant
Blood test
X-ray
Vaccination
Explanation: A kidney transplant from a matched donor is the lasting cure.