NEET (UG)

Practice Test 1 — Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

12 questions • 18 minutes • auto-graded with full solutions

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Section A — MCQ (Single Correct)

Question 1

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific:

Solution: They recognise palindromic recognition sites.

Question 2

EcoRI is an example of a:

Solution: EcoRI is a restriction endonuclease.

Question 3

Which joins DNA fragments to form recombinant DNA?

Solution: DNA ligase seals the fragments.

Question 4

A selectable marker on a vector is used to:

Solution: Markers select cells that took up the vector.

Question 5

Bacteria are made competent using:

Solution: Calcium ions + a brief heat shock aid DNA uptake.

Question 6

The heat-stable enzyme of PCR is:

Solution: Taq polymerase survives the denaturation heat.

Question 7

DNA is precipitated using:

Solution: Chilled ethanol precipitates DNA.

Question 8

Downstream processing includes:

Solution: It is post-fermentation separation/purification/formulation.

Section B — Assertion & Reason

Question 9

A: The vector and the foreign DNA are cut with the same restriction enzyme.
R: This produces complementary sticky ends that can base-pair and be joined by ligase.

Solution: Matching sticky ends are exactly why the same enzyme is used — R explains A.

Question 10

A: Taq polymerase is ideal for PCR.
R: It is heat-stable and is not destroyed by the high temperature used to denature DNA.

Solution: Its heat stability is precisely why it suits PCR — R explains A.

Question 11

A: In gel electrophoresis, larger DNA fragments move farther than smaller ones.
R: DNA is negatively charged and moves toward the positive electrode.

Solution: A is false — SMALLER fragments move farther; R is true (DNA moves toward the positive electrode).

Question 12

A: Bioreactors are used to obtain products in large quantities.
R: They provide controlled optimal conditions (temperature, pH, oxygen) for large-scale culture.

Solution: Controlled large-scale conditions are why bioreactors give large yields — R explains A.