NEET (UG)

Practice Test 1 — Chemical Coordination and Integration

12 questions • 18 minutes • auto-graded with full solutions

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Section A — MCQ (Single Correct)

Question 1

Hormones are best described as:

Solution: Hormones are non-nutrient chemical messengers secreted in trace amounts.

Question 2

TSH, ACTH, FSH and LH are secreted by the:

Solution: The anterior pituitary (pars distalis) secretes these tropic hormones.

Question 3

Goitre is caused by the deficiency of:

Solution: Iodine deficiency causes goitre (impaired thyroxine synthesis).

Question 4

Blood calcium is raised by:

Solution: Parathormone (PTH) is hypercalcaemic.

Question 5

The hormone of the adrenal cortex regulating Na⁺/water is:

Solution: Aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid) regulates sodium and water.

Question 6

Glucagon is secreted by the pancreatic:

Solution: Alpha cells secrete glucagon (raises blood glucose).

Question 7

Melatonin, controlling the sleep–wake rhythm, is from the:

Solution: The pineal gland secretes melatonin.

Question 8

Steroid hormones act by:

Solution: Steroids enter cells and regulate gene expression.

Section B — Assertion & Reason

Question 9

A: The posterior pituitary releases oxytocin and ADH although it does not synthesise them.
R: These two hormones are made by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary.

Solution: Hypothalamic synthesis + posterior storage explains the release — R explains A.

Question 10

A: Insulin and glucagon have antagonistic effects on blood glucose.
R: Insulin lowers blood glucose while glucagon raises it.

Solution: Opposite effects on glucose define the antagonism — R explains A.

Question 11

A: Peptide hormones such as insulin act through a second messenger like cyclic AMP.
R: Being water-soluble they cannot cross the cell membrane, so they bind receptors on the cell surface.

Solution: Because peptide hormones bind surface receptors, the message must be relayed inside by a second messenger — R explains A.

Question 12

A: Iodine is required in the diet for normal thyroid function.
R: Iodine is a component of the thyroid hormones thyroxine and T3.

Solution: Iodine being part of T4/T3 is exactly why it is needed — R explains A.