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Numbers & the Number System — 25-Question Test
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Key Concepts — Quick Reference
This chapter
Place value (base-10 columns and the two values of a digit)
| Ones | 1st place from right = 10^0 = 1 |
|---|---|
| Tens | 2nd place from right = 10^1 = 10 |
| Hundreds | 3rd place from right = 10^2 = 100 |
| Thousands | 4th place from right = 10^3 = 1000 |
| Face value | The digit itself, ignoring position. In 3582 the face value of 8 is 8. |
| Place value | Face value x value of its place. In 3582 the place value of 8 is 8 x 10 = 80. |
Roman numerals and parity rules
| Roman symbols | I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100 |
|---|---|
| Add / subtract rule | Smaller after larger adds (VI = 6); smaller before larger subtracts (IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90) |
| Repetition rule | I, X, C repeat up to three times; V and L are never repeated and never subtracted |
| Even number | Ends in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8; can be written as 2n |
| Odd number | Ends in 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9; can be written as 2n + 1 |