CTET · Chapter Test
Data Handling & Probability (VI–VIII) — 25-Question Test
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Key Concepts — Quick Reference
This chapter
Measures of central tendency
| Mean (average) | Mean = (sum of all observations) ÷ (number of observations) |
|---|---|
| Median | Order the data; middle value. If n is even, mean of the two middle values |
| Mode | The observation that occurs most often (a data set can have more than one mode) |
| Range | Range = highest value − lowest value |
Probability & pie charts
| Probability of an event | P(E) = (number of favourable outcomes) ÷ (total number of outcomes) |
|---|---|
| Probability range | 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1 · impossible = 0, certain = 1 |
| Sum of all probabilities | P(E) + P(not E) = 1 |
| Pie-chart angle | Angle of a sector = (value ÷ total) × 360° |