CTET · Chapter Test
Ratio, Proportion & Commercial Maths (VI–VIII) — 25-Question Test
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Key Concepts — Quick Reference
This chapter
Ratio, proportion & percentage
| Ratio in simplest form | a : b = (a ÷ HCF) : (b ÷ HCF) |
|---|---|
| Proportion | a : b :: c : d ⇔ a × d = b × c (product of extremes = product of means) |
| Unitary method | value of 1 unit = total ÷ number of units |
| Percentage | x% of N = (x / 100) × N ; what % is a of b = (a / b) × 100 |
Commercial maths
| Profit / Loss | Profit = SP − CP ; Loss = CP − SP (when SP < CP) |
|---|---|
| Profit % / Loss % | Profit% = (Profit / CP) × 100 ; Loss% = (Loss / CP) × 100 (always on CP) |
| Discount | Discount = MP − SP ; Discount% = (Discount / MP) × 100 (always on MP) |
| Simple Interest | SI = (P × R × T) / 100 ; Amount = P + SI |
| Direct / Inverse variation | Direct: x / y = k (constant); Inverse: x × y = k (constant) |