CTET · Chapter Test
Natural Phenomena — Light, Sound & Heat (VI–VIII) — 25-Question Test
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Key Concepts — Quick Reference
This chapter
Light & reflection
| Rectilinear propagation | Light travels in a straight line (gives sharp shadows, pinhole image) |
|---|---|
| Law of reflection | Angle of incidence = angle of reflection (i = r) |
| Plane mirror image | Virtual, erect, same size, as far behind as object is in front, laterally inverted |
| Lateral inversion | Left appears right & right appears left (why AMBULANCE is mirror-written) |
| Regular vs diffused | Smooth surface → regular reflection; rough surface → diffused (still obeys i = r at each point) |
Sound & heat
| Sound source | Produced by a vibrating object; needs a material medium to travel |
|---|---|
| Sound in vacuum | Cannot travel through vacuum (no particles to pass the vibration) |
| Pitch & loudness | Higher frequency → higher pitch; larger amplitude → louder sound |
| Heat flow | Heat always flows from a hotter body to a colder body until temperatures are equal |
| Three modes of heat transfer | Conduction (solids), Convection (liquids/gases), Radiation (no medium needed) |