Logical Reasoning
Odd One Out and Grouping
In odd one out, four things are shown and three are alike in some way. The one that is different is the answer. To solve it, ask: 'What do most of them have in common?'
Grouping means putting together things that belong with each other — like all the fruits, or all the animals.
Example 1: Odd one out: apple, banana, mango, chair.
Chair — the others are fruits.
Example 2: Which belongs with cow, goat, dog?
Another animal, such as cat (they are all animals).
Quick recap
- Odd one out = the one that is different from the rest.
- Find what most of them share, then pick the one that doesn't.
✓ Quick check
Odd one out: dog, cat, cow, rose.
Rose is a flower; the others are animals.
Which one is NOT a fruit?
Carrot is a vegetable; the others are fruits.
Analogy and Series
An analogy shows a pair that go together, then asks you to complete a second pair the same way. Example: cow is to calf as dog is to puppy.
A series is a list that follows a rule; you find the rule and give the next one.
Example 1: Hand is to glove as foot is to ___ ?
Sock (or shoe) — what we wear on it.
Example 2: Series: A, B, C, D, ___
E — the next letter.
Quick recap
- Analogy: find how the first pair is related, then match it.
- Series: find the rule, then give the next item.
✓ Quick check
Bird is to nest as bee is to ___ ?
A bird lives in a nest; a bee lives in a hive.
Complete the series: 2, 4, 6, ___ ?
Counting by 2, the next is 8.
Position, Direction and Ranking
We describe position with words like top/bottom, left/right, inside/outside and first/last. In a line, ranking tells us who is 1st, 2nd, 3rd and so on.
Example 1: In a race, who finishes first — the winner or the last runner?
The winner finishes first (1st).
Example 2: If 4 children stand in a line, who is at the end?
The 4th child is last.
Quick recap
- Position words: top/bottom, left/right, inside/outside.
- Ranking: 1st, 2nd, 3rd … tells the order.
✓ Quick check
5 children stand in a line. Which child is in the middle?
With 5 in a line, the 3rd child is in the middle.
Riya is 2nd in line. How many children are ahead of her?
Being 2nd means 1 child is ahead.
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