Logical Reasoning
Odd One Out, Grouping & Analogy
In odd one out, three items share something and one does not — pick the different one. In grouping, we collect things that belong together. An analogy shows a related pair, then asks you to complete a second pair the same way: cow is to calf as dog is to puppy.
Example 1: Odd one out: rose, lily, lotus, mango.
Mango — the others are flowers.
Example 2: Big is to small as tall is to ___ ?
Short — they are opposites.
Quick recap
- Odd one out = the one that is different.
- Analogy = find the link in the first pair, then match it.
✓ Quick check
Odd one out: 2, 4, 7, 8 (three are even).
7 is odd; the others are even.
Hot is to cold as day is to ___ ?
Opposites: hot/cold and day/night.
Number & Figure Series
A series follows a rule. In a number series, find how each number changes (add, subtract, or double). In a figure series, look at how the picture turns or grows. Find the rule, then choose the next item.
Example 1: Series: 5, 10, 15, 20, ___
25 — it grows by 5.
Example 2: Series: 1, 2, 4, 8, ___
16 — each number doubles.
Quick recap
- Number series: spot add/subtract/double.
- Figure series: spot turning or growing.
✓ Quick check
Continue: 20, 18, 16, 14, ___ ?
It goes down by 2: 14 − 2 = 12.
Continue: 1, 3, 5, 7, ___ ?
Odd numbers go up by 2: 7 + 2 = 9.
Position, Ranking & Simple Coding
Position tells where something is (top/bottom, left/right). Ranking tells the order in a line (1st, 2nd, 3rd…). In simple coding, a letter or sign stands for something else, and we use the rule to decode.
Example 1: In a line of 5, who is in the middle?
The 3rd person.
Example 2: If CAT is written by moving each letter forward by 1, what is the first letter's code for C?
D — C becomes the next letter, D.
Quick recap
- Ranking gives order: 1st, 2nd, 3rd…
- In coding, a rule changes letters/signs — use the rule to decode.
✓ Quick check
7 children stand in a line. Who is exactly in the middle?
With 7 in a line, the 4th is in the middle.
If A = 1 and B = 2, then C = ___ ?
Letters in order: A=1, B=2, C=3.
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