Shapes, Patterns & Data
Lines and Shapes
A line can be straight or curved. Flat shapes are made of straight lines: a triangle has 3 sides and 3 corners, a square and a rectangle have 4 sides and 4 corners, and a circle is a curved shape with no corners. Solid shapes like a cube, cuboid, sphere, cone and cylinder take up space.
Example 1: How many corners does a rectangle have?
4 corners.
Example 2: Which shape is made of one curved line?
A circle.
Quick recap
- Lines are straight or curved.
- Triangle: 3 sides; square/rectangle: 4 sides; circle: no corners.
✓ Quick check
How many sides does a triangle have?
A triangle has 3 sides.
Which solid shape rolls?
A sphere (ball) rolls because it is round.
Patterns
A pattern repeats by a rule. In a repeating pattern, the same set comes again and again (▲■▲■…). In a growing pattern, numbers go up by the same step (2, 4, 6, 8…). Find the rule, then give the next item.
Example 1: Continue: ●▲●▲●___
▲ — the pattern is circle, triangle repeating.
Example 2: Continue: 5, 10, 15, ___
20 — it grows by 5 each time.
Quick recap
- Repeating pattern: the same set comes again.
- Growing pattern: numbers go up by a fixed step.
✓ Quick check
Continue the pattern: 3, 6, 9, ___ ?
It grows by 3: 9 + 3 = 12.
Continue: ■ ■ ▲ ■ ■ ▲ ■ ■ ___ ?
After two squares comes a triangle.
Reading Pictographs
A pictograph shows data using pictures, where each picture stands for a number of things. To read it, count the pictures in each row and find how many that means. We can then say which has the most or least, and find totals or differences.
Example 1: If 1 ★ = 1 book and a child has 4 ★, how many books?
4 books.
Example 2: Class A has 5 ★ and Class B has 3 ★ (1 ★ = 1 child). Which has more?
Class A has more (5 > 3).
Quick recap
- Each picture stands for a number of things.
- Count pictures to compare most/least and find totals.
✓ Quick check
If 1 ⚽ = 2 goals, then 3 ⚽ means how many goals?
3 × 2 = 6 goals.
Apples: 6 pictures; Oranges: 4 pictures (1 picture = 1 fruit). How many more apples?
6 − 4 = 2 more apples.
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