SAT Math · Study & Practice
Probability
Probability measures how likely an event is, on a scale from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). This chapter covers theoretical and experimental probability, compound events, and independent and dependent events. Read each topic, try the problems with the hint ladder, then take the 8-question topic test.
Topics
1
Theoretical Probability
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2
Experimental Probability
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3
Compound Events
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4
Independent Events
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5
Dependent Events
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Chapter test
Formula Reference Sheet
This chapter
Basic probability
| Theoretical | favorable outcomes ÷ total outcomes |
|---|---|
| Experimental | successes ÷ number of trials |
| Complement | P(not A) = 1 − P(A) |
Combining events
| Either (mutually exclusive) | P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) |
|---|---|
| Independent | P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B) |
| Dependent | multiply, updating the total after the first pick |
Digital SAT reference
Area & Circumference
| Circle area | A = πr² |
|---|---|
| Circle circumference | C = 2πr |
| Rectangle | A = ℓw |
| Triangle | A = ½ b h |
Volume
| Rectangular box | V = ℓwh |
|---|---|
| Cylinder | V = πr²h |
| Sphere | V = 4⁄3 πr³ |
| Cone | V = 1⁄3 πr²h |
| Pyramid | V = 1⁄3 ℓwh |
Right triangles
| Pythagorean theorem | a² + b² = c² |
|---|---|
| 30°–60°–90° | sides x : x√3 : 2x |
| 45°–45°–90° | sides s : s : s√2 |
Constants
| Degrees in a circle | 360° |
|---|---|
| Radians in a circle | 2π |
| Angles of a triangle | sum = 180° |
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