Number Systems • Topic 3 of 6

Operations on Real Numbers

What are Real Numbers?

Real numbers include all rational numbers (integers, fractions, terminating/recurring decimals) AND irrational numbers (non-repeating, non-terminating decimals like √2, π).

Operations on Real Numbers:

Real numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (except by zero). This means when you perform these operations on real numbers, the result is also a real number.

Key Properties:

PropertyDescriptionExample
**Associative**(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)(2 + √2) + √3 = 2 + (√2 + √3)
**Distributive**a(b + c) = ab + ac√2(3 + √5) = 3√2 + √10
**Identity**a + 0 = a; a × 1 = a√7 + 0 = √7
**Inverse**a + (-a) = 0; a × (1/a) = 1 (a ≠ 0)√5 × (1/√5) = 1

Rational vs Irrational Results:

  • Rational + Rational = Rational
  • Rational + Irrational = Irrational
  • Irrational + Irrational = Can be Rational or Irrational (e.g., √2 + (-√2) = 0 rational)
  • Similar rules apply for multiplication and division
Irrational Numbers on the Number Line0123√2 ≈ 1.414√3 ≈ 1.732π ≈ 3.14159...Non-terminating, non-repeating decimalsCannot write as p/qGeometric construction:Draw right triangle with hypotenuse = √2√2 is proved irrational: assume √2 = p/q → contradiction∴ Irrationals exist between every two rational numbers
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Worked Example

Solve a standard problem on Operations on Real Numbers.

Solution

Apply the formula/method shown in the concept section above.

Key Points

  • Understand the definition and properties of Operations on Real Numbers.
  • Study the worked examples and practice similar problems.
  • Always verify your answer using the original conditions.
Tap an option to check your answer0 / 4
Q1.Rational $+$ irrational is always:
Explanation: Always irrational.
Q2.$\sqrt2\times\sqrt2=$
Explanation: $=2$.
Q3.The sum of two irrational numbers may be:
Explanation: e.g. $\sqrt2+(-\sqrt2)=0$.
Q4.A non-zero rational times an irrational is:
Explanation: Irrational.