Number Systems • Topic 5 of 6

Rationalization of Real Numbers

What is Rationalization?

Rationalization is the process of eliminating irrational numbers (like √2, √3) from the denominator of a fraction. This makes expressions easier to work with and compare.

Why Rationalize?

  • To simplify expressions
  • To add/subtract fractions with irrational denominators
  • To compare numbers easily
  • Standard form in mathematics often requires rationalized denominators

Methods for Rationalization:

Type of DenominatorMultiply Numerator & Denominator byResult
a + √ba - √b (conjugate)Denominator becomes a² - b
√a + √b√a - √b (conjugate)Denominator becomes a - b

The Conjugate Trick:

The conjugate of (a + √b) is (a - √b). Their product:

(a + √b)(a - √b) = a² - (√b)² = a² - b (a rational number)

Rationalisation of the DenominatorStart1 / (√3 + √2)Multiply by conjugate× (√3 - √2) / (√3 - √2)Numerator= (√3 - √2)Denominator= (√3)² - (√2)² = 3 - 2 = 1Result= √3 - √2 (Rationalised!)Formula: 1/(a+√b) = (a-√b)/((a²-b))
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Worked Example

Solve a standard problem on Rationalization of Real Numbers.

Solution

Apply the formula/method shown in the concept section above.

Key Points

  • Understand the definition and properties of Rationalization of Real Numbers.
  • Study the worked examples and practice similar problems.
  • Always verify your answer using the original conditions.
Tap an option to check your answer0 / 4
Q1.Rationalizing $\dfrac{1}{\sqrt2}$ gives:
Explanation: Multiply by $\tfrac{\sqrt2}{\sqrt2}$.
Q2.The conjugate of $(a+\sqrt b)$ is:
Explanation: Change the sign of the surd.
Q3.The rationalizing factor of $\sqrt a$ is:
Explanation: $\sqrt a\cdot\sqrt a=a$.
Q4.Rationalization removes the radical from the:
Explanation: Denominator.