Polynomials • Topic 2 of 4

Operations on Polynomials

What are Polynomial Operations?

Just like numbers, polynomials can be added, subtracted, and multiplied. These operations combine like terms (terms with the same variable and same exponent).

Rules for Adding and Subtracting Polynomials:

  1. Identify like terms (same variable and same exponent)
  2. Add or subtract the coefficients only
  3. Keep the variable part unchanged

Rules for Multiplying Polynomials:

  • Use the distributive property: a(b + c) = ab + ac
  • For binomial × binomial, use FOIL (First, Outer, Inner, Last)
  • When multiplying, add exponents of like variables

FOIL Method for (a + b)(c + d):

  • First: a × c
  • Outer: a × d
  • Inner: b × c
  • Last: b × d
  • Result: ac + ad + bc + bd

Vertical Multiplication Method:

Align terms by degree and multiply, just like multiplying multi-digit numbers.

Types of Polynomials by Degree0Constant7, -3, √2f(x) = k1Linearx+2, 3x-5Straight line2Quadraticx²-4, 2x²+3xParabola3Cubicx³-x, x³+2x²+1S-curve4Biquadraticx⁴-5x²+4W/M shapeZero polynomial: P(x) = 0 (degree undefined); Degree of non-zero constant = 0
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Worked Example

Solve a standard problem on Operations on Polynomials.

Solution

Apply the formula/method shown in the concept section above.

Key Points

  • Understand the definition and properties of Operations on Polynomials.
  • Study the worked examples and practice similar problems.
  • Always verify your answer using the original conditions.
Tap an option to check your answer0 / 4
Q1.$(x+2)+(x+3)=$
Explanation: Add like terms.
Q2.$(2x^2)(3x)=$
Explanation: Multiply.
Q3.The product of polynomials of degrees $m$ and $n$ has degree:
Explanation: Degrees add.
Q4.$(x+1)(x+2)=$
Explanation: Expand.