Division Facts
Division facts are the basic single-divisor results -- like 18 divided by 3 equals 6 -- that a child should eventually recall as quickly as a multiplication table. The key, which CTET stresses again and again, is that you do not memorise them in isolation: division undoes multiplication, so every multiplication fact carries two division facts with it. If a times b equals c, then c divided by a is b and c divided by b is a. That is the idea of a fact family: the three numbers 3, 7 and 21 give you 3 times 7 equals 21, 7 times 3 equals 21, 21 divided by 3 equals 7, and 21 divided by 7 equals 3. A child stuck on 18 divided by 3 should think "3 times what makes 18?" and recall 3 times 6 equals 18. A few patterns are worth knowing cold: any number divided by 1 is itself, any non-zero number divided by itself is 1, and zero divided by any non-zero number is 0. The one to be careful about is division by zero, which is undefined -- not 0 -- and 0 divided by 0 is indeterminate, a point the paper sometimes slips in as a trap.
✅ Solved examples
✏️ Practice — try these, take hints as needed
📝 Topic test — 8 questions
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Key Concepts — Quick Reference
Division relationships
| The four terms | Dividend / Divisor = Quotient, with Remainder left over |
|---|---|
| Fundamental relation | Dividend = (Divisor x Quotient) + Remainder |
| Remainder rule | Remainder is ALWAYS less than the Divisor |
| Inverse of multiplication | If a x b = c, then c / a = b and c / b = a |
Sharing vs grouping (same sentence, two meanings)
| Sharing | Total / Number of groups = Size of each group ("how many each?") |
|---|---|
| Grouping | Total / Size of each group = Number of groups ("how many groups?") |
| Repeated subtraction | Grouping = subtract the group size until you hit 0; the count of subtractions is the quotient |