Cloze Test • Topic 3 of 4

Connectors & Flow

Many blanks are connectors that signal the logical relationship between ideas. Read what comes before and after the blank to pick the right one.

Match the connector to the logic

RelationshipConnectors
Additionand, also, moreover, besides
Contrastbut, however, although, yet
Resultso, therefore, hence, thus
Causebecause, since, as
Examplefor example, such as
Read both sides of the blank. If the two ideas oppose, you need a contrast word (but/however); if one causes the other, a cause/result word. "He was tired, ___ he kept working" needs but (contrast).

✅ Solved examples

1. He was tired, ___ he kept working. (but/so)
but (contrast — tired vs kept working).
2. It rained, ___ the match was cancelled. (so/but)
so (result).
3. She passed ___ she studied hard. (because/although)
because (cause).
4. ___ he is rich, he is humble. (Although/Because)
Although (concession/contrast).

✏️ Practice — try these, take hints as needed

1. He ran fast ___ missed the bus. (but/so)
Contrast.
—
—
but
2. It was late, ___ we left. (so/but)
Result.
—
—
so
3. She smiled ___ she was happy. (because/although)
Cause.
—
—
because
4. ___ it was cold, he went out. (Although/So)
Concession.
—
—
Although
5. He studied hard ___ still failed. (but/and)
Unexpected result.
—
—
but

📝 Topic test — 8 questions

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