Multi-Digit Multiplication • Topic 1 of 3

Multiply 4-Digit by 1-Digit

Multiplying a 4-digit number by a 1-digit number means repeated addition. We use the column method (standard algorithm) with carrying.

Steps:

  • Align numbers by the rightmost digit
  • Multiply each digit from right to left
  • If the product has two digits, write the units digit and carry the tens digit
  • Add the carry to the next multiplication

Example: 4,523 x 4 = 18,092

Column Multiplication: 4,523 x 44,523x 4Ones: 4x3=12 write 2, carry 1Tens: 4x2=8 + 1(carry) = 9Hundreds: 4x5=20 write 0, carry 2Thousands: 4x4=16 + 2(carry) = 1818,092
Solved Examples
1
Worked Example
Multiply 4,523 x 4.
SolutionStep 1: 4x3=12, write 2 carry 1. Step 2: 4x2=8+1=9, write 9. Step 3: 4x5=20, write 0 carry 2. Step 4: 4x4=16+2=18, write 18. Answer: 18,092.
2
Worked Example
Multiply 7,068 x 8.
SolutionStep 1: 8x8=64, write 4 carry 6. Step 2: 8x6=48+6=54, write 4 carry 5. Step 3: 8x0=0+5=5, write 5. Step 4: 8x7=56, write 56. Answer: 56,544.
3
Worked Example
A stadium has 2,456 seats. Each ticket costs Rs.9. What is the total collection for a full house?
SolutionMultiply 2,456 x 9. 9x6=54 (write 4, carry 5). 9x5=45+5=50 (write 0, carry 5). 9x4=36+5=41 (write 1, carry 4). 9x2=18+4=22. Answer: Rs.22,104.

Key Points

  • Align numbers so the rightmost digits line up
  • Multiply from right to left — ones, tens, hundreds, thousands
  • When product has two digits, write units and carry tens to next column
  • Always add the carry before writing the final digit
Quick Check — 4 MCQs
Tap an option to check your answer0 / 4
Q1.$1234\times2=$
Explanation: Multiply each digit.
Q2.Multiplying any number by $0$ gives:
Explanation: $0$.
Q3.Multiplying any number by $1$ gives:
Explanation: The same number.
Q4.$2000\times3=$
Explanation: $6000$.
Practice more MCQs → 📝 Assignment · 35 marks