Triangles • Topic 6 of 6

Area of a Triangle

The area of any triangle is ½ × base × height, where the height is the perpendicular distance from the chosen base to the opposite vertex — not a slanted side. In a right triangle the two legs are perpendicular, so they serve directly as base and height and the area is simply ½ × leg × leg. For an equilateral triangle of side s, the height is (s√3)/2, which gives the tidy formula Area = (√3/4) × s². A frequent GRE twist runs the formula backward: given the area and one dimension, solve for the other. Watch the on-screen basic calculator here — halving and multiplying are quick by hand, so reserve the calculator for the genuinely awkward numbers.

A triangle with its base and its perpendicular height shown as a dashed lineArea of a trianglebase bhArea = ½ × base × height

✅ Solved examples

1. A triangle has a base of 10 and a height of 6. Find its area.
Area = ½ × base × height = ½ × 10 × 6 = 30.
2. A right triangle has legs of 5 and 12. Find its area.
The legs are perpendicular, so Area = ½ × 5 × 12 = 30.
3. Find the area of an equilateral triangle with a side of 4.
Area = (√3/4) × s² = (√3/4) × 16 = 4√3.
4. A triangle has an area of 20 and a base of 8. Find its height.
Area = ½ × base × height → 20 = ½ × 8 × h → 20 = 4h → h = 5.

✏️ Practice — try these, take hints as needed

1. A triangle has a base of 14 and a height of 5. Find its area.
Area = ½ × base × height.
½ × 14 × 5.
7 × 5.
35
2. A right triangle has legs of 6 and 8. Find its area.
The legs are the base and height.
½ × 6 × 8.
3 × 8.
24
3. Find the area of an equilateral triangle with a side of 6.
Area = (√3/4) × s².
s² = 36.
(√3/4) × 36 = 9√3.
9√3
4. A triangle has an area of 54 and a base of 12. Find its height.
54 = ½ × 12 × h.
54 = 6h.
Divide by 6.
9
5. A triangle has an area of 30 and a height of 5. Find its base.
30 = ½ × base × 5.
30 = 2.5 × base.
Divide by 2.5.
12

📝 Topic test — 8 questions

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