3-D Figures (Solids) • Topic 5 of 5

Diagonals of a Box

The space diagonal runs from one corner of a box to the opposite corner, straight through the interior — the longest straight line that fits inside. It comes from the Pythagorean theorem used twice: first across the base to get a face diagonal of √(l² + w²), then up to the far corner, giving d = √(l² + w² + h²). For a cube every dimension equals s, so the space diagonal simplifies to s√3. This is a favourite GRE twist because it looks three-dimensional but is really the same triple-friendly Pythagoras you already know — a 3-4-12 box, for instance, has a space diagonal of exactly 13. Don’t confuse the space diagonal with a face diagonal (which uses only two dimensions); read which corner-to-corner distance the question wants.

A box with its space diagonal drawn from one corner to the opposite cornerSpace diagonal of a boxdlhwd = √(l² + w² + h²)

✅ Solved examples

1. A box measures 3 by 4 by 12. Find its space diagonal.
d = √(l² + w² + h²) = √(9 + 16 + 144) = √169 = 13.
2. A cube has an edge of 5. Find its space diagonal.
d = s√3 = 5√3.
3. A box measures 1 by 2 by 2. Find its space diagonal.
d = √(1 + 4 + 4) = √9 = 3.
4. A cube has a space diagonal of 6√3. Find the length of an edge.
d = s√3 → 6√3 = s√3 → s = 6.

✏️ Practice — try these, take hints as needed

1. A box measures 2 by 3 by 6. Find its space diagonal.
d = √(l² + w² + h²).
√(4 + 9 + 36).
√49.
7
2. A cube has an edge of 4. Find its space diagonal.
d = s√3.
Multiply 4 by √3.
Leave in radical form.
4√3
3. A box measures 6 by 6 by 7. Find its space diagonal.
d = √(36 + 36 + 49).
√121.
A perfect square.
11
4. A cube has a space diagonal of 10√3. Find the length of an edge.
d = s√3.
10√3 = s√3.
Divide by √3.
10
5. A box measures 4 by 4 by 2. Find its space diagonal.
d = √(16 + 16 + 4).
√36.
A perfect square.
6

📝 Topic test — 8 questions

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