3-D Figures (Solids) • Topic 2 of 5

Cylinders

A cylinder is a box’s round cousin: a circle extruded to a height h. Its volume is the base-circle area times the height, V = πr²h — literally "area of the circle, stacked h high". The curved side, if unrolled, is a rectangle of width equal to the circumference (2πr) and height h, giving a lateral surface area of 2πrh. Add the two circular ends (each πr²) for the total surface area, 2πr² + 2πrh. As with circles, keep answers in terms of π and be careful whether the problem states the radius or the diameter — halve the diameter first. Reverse questions divide the volume by πr² (or by 2πr for lateral area) to recover a missing height.

A cylinder with radius r and height hCylinderrhV = πr²h

✅ Solved examples

1. A cylinder has a radius of 3 and a height of 5. Find its volume.
V = πr²h = π × 3² × 5 = π × 9 × 5 = 45π.
2. A cylinder has a diameter of 10 and a height of 4. Find its volume.
Radius = 10 / 2 = 5, so V = π × 5² × 4 = π × 25 × 4 = 100π.
3. A cylinder has a radius of 2 and a height of 7. Find its lateral (curved) surface area.
Lateral area = 2πrh = 2π × 2 × 7 = 28π.
4. A cylinder has a volume of 100π and a radius of 5. Find its height.
V = πr²h → 100π = π × 25 × h → 100 = 25h → h = 4.

✏️ Practice — try these, take hints as needed

1. A cylinder has a radius of 4 and a height of 3. Find its volume.
V = πr²h.
r² = 16.
π × 16 × 3.
48π
2. A cylinder has a radius of 1 and a height of 10. Find its volume.
V = πr²h.
1² = 1.
π × 1 × 10.
10π
3. A cylinder has a diameter of 6 and a height of 5. Find its volume.
Halve the diameter: r = 3.
r² = 9.
π × 9 × 5.
45π
4. A cylinder has a radius of 3 and a height of 10. Find its lateral surface area.
Lateral = 2πrh.
2π × 3 × 10.
Multiply the numbers.
60π
5. A cylinder has a volume of 63π and a radius of 3. Find its height.
63π = π × 9 × h.
63 = 9h.
Divide by 9.
7

📝 Topic test — 8 questions

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