Binomial Theorem • Topic 3 of 4

Middle Term

The middle term depends only on whether n is even or odd. If n is EVEN there is one middle term, the ((n/2)+1)th term, i.e. T(n/2 + 1) with r = n/2. If n is ODD there are TWO middle terms, the ((n+1)/2)th and ((n+3)/2)th terms, with r = (n−1)/2 and r = (n+1)/2. A quick way to remember it: (n+1) terms split evenly around a single centre when (n+1) is odd (n even), and around a pair when (n+1) is even (n odd). Once you know r, the middle term is just the general term evaluated there: T = nCr · a^(n−r) · b^r. CAT loves to combine this with "term independent of x" — sometimes the middle term IS the constant term, but not always, so compute the power of x rather than assuming. Get the parity of n right first; everything else follows from the general term.

✅ Solved examples

1. Find the middle term in the expansion of (x + y)⁸.
n = 8 (even) ⇒ one middle term at r = 4: T₅ = 8C4 · x⁴ · y⁴ = 70 x⁴y⁴.
2. Find the middle term(s) of (2x − 3)⁷.
n = 7 (odd) ⇒ two middle terms, r = 3 and r = 4. T₄ = 7C3 (2x)⁴(−3)³ = 35·16x⁴·(−27) = −15120x⁴. T₅ = 7C4 (2x)³(−3)⁴ = 35·8x³·81 = 22680x³.
3. Find the middle term in (x² + 1/x)⁶.
n = 6 (even) ⇒ r = 3. T₄ = 6C3 (x²)³ (1/x)³ = 20 · x⁶ · x⁻³ = 20x³.
4. In (1 + x)¹⁰, what is the greatest binomial coefficient, and which term carries it?
For even n the central coefficient is largest: 10C5 = 252, carried by the middle term T₆ (r = 5).

✏️ Practice — try these, take hints as needed

1. Find the middle term of (a + b)¹⁰.
n even ⇒ one middle term.
r = n/2 = 5.
10C5 a⁵b⁵.
252 a⁵b⁵
2. How many middle terms does (x + 2)⁹ have?
Check parity of n.
n = 9 is odd.
Odd n ⇒ two middle terms.
Two
3. Find the middle term in (x − 2/x)⁴.
n = 4 even, r = 2.
4C2 · x² · (−2/x)².
6 · x² · 4/x².
24
4. Which term is the (single) middle term of (p + q)¹²?
n even ⇒ T(n/2 + 1).
n/2 = 6.
Term number = 7.
T₇ (the 7th term)
5. Find the middle term of (3 + x)⁶.
n = 6, r = 3.
6C3 · 3³ · x³.
20 · 27.
540x³

📝 Topic test — 8 questions

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