Circular Tracks • Topic 3 of 3

Same & Opposite Direction

The number of DISTINCT points on the track where two bodies repeatedly meet is a classic CAT result. Reduce the speed ratio a:b to its lowest terms (divide by HCF). If they move in opposite directions, the number of distinct meeting points = sum of the reduced ratio terms; if same direction, it = difference of the reduced ratio terms. For example, speeds in ratio 3:5: opposite gives 3 + 5 = 8 meeting points, same gives 5 − 3 = 2. These points are equally spaced around the track. One always coincides with the start only when the start is itself a meeting point. The big CAT insight: opposite-direction motion produces MORE meeting points and earlier meetings; same-direction produces fewer points and later meetings. Combine this with the first-meeting time and you can locate every meeting precisely.

✅ Solved examples

1. Two runners with speeds in the ratio 3 : 5 run in OPPOSITE directions on a circular track. How many distinct meeting points are there?
Ratio already lowest. Opposite ⇒ sum = 3 + 5 = 8 distinct meeting points.
2. Same two runners (ratio 3 : 5) now run in the SAME direction. How many distinct meeting points?
Same ⇒ difference = 5 − 3 = 2 distinct meeting points.
3. Speeds 6 m/s and 9 m/s, opposite directions. Number of distinct meeting points?
Reduce 6:9 = 2:3. Opposite ⇒ 2 + 3 = 5 distinct points.
4. Speeds 8 m/s and 12 m/s, same direction. Number of distinct meeting points?
Reduce 8:12 = 2:3. Same ⇒ 3 − 2 = 1 distinct point (they always meet at the same spot).

✏️ Practice — try these, take hints as needed

1. Speed ratio 4 : 7, opposite directions. Distinct meeting points?
Ratio is lowest already.
Opposite ⇒ sum.
4 + 7.
11
2. Speed ratio 4 : 7, same direction. Distinct meeting points?
Same ⇒ difference.
7 − 4.
Lowest-terms ratio.
3
3. Speeds 10 m/s and 15 m/s, opposite directions. Distinct meeting points?
Reduce 10:15.
= 2:3.
Opposite ⇒ 2 + 3.
5
4. Speeds 9 m/s and 12 m/s, same direction. Distinct meeting points?
Reduce 9:12.
= 3:4.
Same ⇒ 4 − 3.
1
5. Speeds 5 m/s and 3 m/s. How many MORE meeting points in opposite vs same direction?
Ratio 5:3.
Opposite = 8, same = 2.
Difference of the two counts.
6 more

📝 Topic test — 8 questions

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